18 Березня 2020 р.ASYMMETRY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WORLD AGRICULTURAL MARKET(452.1 KB) Завантажив: Тип публікації: Періодичні видання Дисципліна: Посилання: /ua/University_en/subdivisions/editional/vidannya&act=p_id(9091)Abstract. It was determined that urgent in the 21st century the problem of food security
remains quite due to the dynamic of global and trade-integration processes, causing contradictions
and asymmetries of economic development. These processes are rather ambiguous because they
exert varying effects on countries, depending on the level of their economic development. Such
imbalances have led to asymmetries in the development of the World market for agricultural
products. It was noted that asymmetries in the agrarian market are a clear manifestation of
imbalances in the World economy, which have arisen due to differences in the levels of economic
development and the potential of individual regions and countries.
The purpose of the work was to reveal the key characteristics and manifestations of the
asymmetric development of the World market for agro-food products and to justify the mechanisms
for achieving equilibrium. The purpose of the scientific research is to substantiate the impact of
asymmetries on the World economic system, to determine their role in the development of the
World agro-food market, their characteristics, to study the structure of the global market.
The following methods of scientific research were used to achieve the goal and to solve the
tasks of the article: system-structural analysis of economic processes and phenomena, method of
quantitative and qualitative comparisons, tabular method of calculating the degree of influence. A
review of the scientific literature was also conducted; the statistical reports and programs of
development of global international institutions were analyzed; approaches to leveling the negative
impact of asymmetries in the development of the agrarian market were determined.
The scientific novelty of the obtained results is to study the World agro-food system, to
identify and to structure the main asymmetries of development, the determinants of their deepening,
to substantiate the directions of their overcoming.
It is substantiated that among the main mechanisms of overcoming the asymmetric
development of agro-food market the most effective one is the activity of international
organizations, mainly concentrating on the development and implementation of local and global
projects and programs. In order to overcome the threats and risks arising from the asymmetric
development of the agri-food markets, it is advisable to create international initiatives to support the
agricultural sectors and agricultural enterprises of various organizational and legal forms. An
effective mechanism to counterbalance the negative impact of asymmetries is to reduce the
inequalities in the economic development of individual regions and countries through the
implementation of development programs.
Keywords: world agro-food system, agro-food market, asymmetries, world economy,
globalization, international trade.
GEL Classification Q17
Formulas: 0; fig.: 3; tabl.: 2; bibl.: 21.Місцезнаходження публікації
18 Березня 2020 р.Trade and economic integration dominants in North America countries’ interaction(807.5 KB) Завантажив: Тип публікації: Періодичні видання Дисципліна: Посилання: /ua/University_en/subdivisions/editional/vidannya&act=p_id(9092)Abstract. Under the conditions of deepening economic globalization and changes in regional integration unions functioning, formation and support of mutually beneficial and effective cooperation between countries is an important issue. Despite geographic proximity, cultural similarities and high efficiency of economic interactions, current state of the US-Canada trade cooperation worsens due to the ambitions of the USA as a global economic leader, alongside with unresolved trade disputes and increasing deficit of trade in goods and services. According to the analysis of the US-Canada external trade, it was concluded that due to long-lasting trade, the related supply chains have become highly integrated. The USA buys mostly raw materials and semi-finished products which are then used in
finished products designated for internal and external markets. A lot of them even are sold back to Canada. However, there is a controversy in the USA and Canada interests. The USA seeks, first of all, to keep the world leading economic positions, to expand duty-free market available for the sales of domestic producers etc. Canada intends to get rid of protectionist restrictions presumed in American legislation and, thus, to increase the competitiveness of its producers' of goods at the US markets. Estimating the coefficient of trade connectivity, which is bigger than 1, it was evidenced that both countries, in case of trade relations’ worsening or break, will be hardly reoriented on other partners. Our regression analysis shows that Canada’s GDP positively depends on Canadian exports to the USA, while the subsequent permanent increase in Canada’s exports to the USA is forecasted. However, it had been argued that the perspectives of future cooperation hardly depend on the results of negotiation regarding NAFTA reforming which turned into USMCA. Despite the positive conclusion of negotiations on NAFTA's reform and its transformation into USMCA/CUSMA, Canada still has to come up with a more rational policy in order not to become the fifty-first state of the US within the currency and, then, political union.
Keywords: globalization, regional integration unions, NAFTA, USMCA, coefficient of trade connectivity, exports, the USA, Canada.
JEL Classification: C01, F13, F17, F21, F53Місцезнаходження публікації
18 Березня 2020 р.Global Risks of Trade and Economic Cooperation of Ukraine With Countries of the Northern American Region(424.1 KB) Завантажив: Тип публікації: Періодичні видання Дисципліна: Посилання: /ua/University_en/subdivisions/editional/vidannya&act=p_id(9093)As a result of the study, it was determined that global challenges and risks hinder the development of trade and economic cooperation
between countries. For Ukraine, which has faced geopolitical challenges, the development of partnership with the countries of North America, recognized global economy leaders, is essential in terms of realizing national interests and defending state sovereignty. From the ability of Ukraine to anticipate and minimize the effects of negative exogenous, through methods of economic diplomacy, and especially endogenous factors, to isolate their components and identify trends, turning the challenges into opportunities, will depend on the country's economic growth and increased efficiency of trade and economic cooperation. The purpose of the article is to assess the impact of global risks on the formation and implementation of trade and economic cooperation between Ukraine and the countries of North America on the basis of methodological approaches of leading international economic institutions and organizations. Critical for its possible consequences for Ukraine is the protectionist US global policy, cyberattacks, disinvestment of capital due to political instability, multi-directional integration intentions and steps, changes in global flows of goods and capital. The methods of scientific research that were used to achieve the goal and to solve the tasks of the article are the following: systematic structural analysis of economic processes and phenomena, method of quantitative and qualitative comparisons, table method of calculating the degree of risks influence. The scientific novelty of the results obtained is the study of the implementation of Ukraine's trade policy in relation to the countries of North America in the context of the need for its adjustment in view of the vulnerability to the influence of factors exogenous in nature. These exogenous factors are characterized by their division into global challenges and risks. The issue that was also covered in the study is which of the parties to trade cooperation will be more affected by external factors. It is substantiated that the fall in prices for food and metallurgical products, the appreciation of the dollar, which stimulates the growth of imports of North American countries, the inter-state conflict in eastern Ukraine have less impact on cooperation with the countries of North America than changes in the structure of the World economy, the initiative of the president of the United States "to turn back" business and production from abroad to the country and inconsistency of the current structure of industrial production in Ukraine with modern requirements of technological multifacetedness.
JEL classification: C44.
Keywords: Trade and economic cooperation, trade policy, exogenous factors of influence, endogenous factors of influence, global challenges, global risks.Місцезнаходження публікації
18 Березня 2020 р.TRADE FACILITATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: COOPERATION BETWEEN UKRAINE AND THE COUNTRIES OF NORTH AMERICA(1.2 MB) Завантажив: Тип публікації: Періодичні видання Дисципліна: Посилання: /ua/University_en/subdivisions/editional/vidannya&act=p_id(9088)The article substantiates the expediency of trade facilitation between Ukraine and the coun-tries of North America. This is a recent problem for Ukraine as the country affected by geopolitical risks. One of the solutions, needed in order to materialize the national economic interests and to de-fend the state sovereignty, is to enhance partnership with the countries of North America which are acknowledged leaders of the global economy. The purpose of this article is to justify recommenda-tions related to development and implementation of trade and economic cooperation between Ukraine and the countries of North America. The main issue is the development of cooperation un-der the protective trade policy of the USA and Canada. Using the GTAP model, the article provides several scenarios of trade and economic cooperation with the purpose of choosing the best one. The article also corroborates and offers focus areas and tools to improve trade relations between the countries.
Key words: international trade, nontariff methods, tariff regulation, trade policy, trade and economic cooperation, GTAP, Ukraine, USA, Canada, countries of North America.
JEL Codes: F10, F13, F17.Місцезнаходження публікації
18 Березня 2020 р.HIGHLY MARGINAL GOODS AS SOURCE OF EXPORT EFFICIENCY RISE IN AGRARIAN SECTOR(729.2 KB) Завантажив: Тип публікації: Періодичні видання Дисципліна: Посилання: /ua/University_en/subdivisions/editional/vidannya&act=p_id(9089)Having high export potential, Ukrainian agrarian sector continues to be in the agricultural commodity market periphery. One of the key problems is low export efficiency determined by raw materials domination in the structure. The study aim was to ascertain a reorientation possibility of export commodity structure in order to reduce the raw materials part and increase the highly mar-ginal goods part. The methodology consisted in studying the character of reciprocal influence com-parison of different commodity groups volumes of agricultural produce using Verhulst’s function. As a result, parameters of optimal goods correlation were designed, and a number of highly margin-al goods and conceptual basis able to improve export efficiency were established.
Key words: export, agrarian sector, highly marginal goods, raw materials, export commodi-ty structure.
JEL Codes: C23, F15, Q17.Місцезнаходження публікації
18 Березня 2020 р.THE IMPACT OF GLOBAL RISKS ON THE WORLD TRADE AND ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT(428.9 KB) Завантажив: Тип публікації: Періодичні видання Дисципліна: Посилання: /ua/University_en/subdivisions/editional/vidannya&act=p_id(9090)Abstract. It is noted that the unprecedented dynamic globalization of trade and economic
relations and the fourth industrial revolution cardinally transform the global distribution system of
the world economy, accompanied by the growing impact of global challenges and risks, the failure
to take into account the effects of which permanently reduces the efficiency of economic
functioning and international trade. For developing countries affected by geopolitical challenges,
the development of partnerships with countries that are recognized as global leaders in the world
economy is essential in terms of national interests and the promotion of state sovereignty.
The purpose of this paper is to characterize the impact of global risks on the formation and
implementation of trade and economic policies of countries based on the methodological
approaches of leading international economic institutions and organizations. Major global risks
have identified rising / falling prices for assets, oil or gas, changes in the structure of trade and
economic cooperation, terrorism, separatism, climate change, unemployment, income inequality,
proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, cyberattacks, etc.
The following methods of scientific research were used to achieve the goal and to solve the
tasks of the article: systematic structural analysis of economic processes and phenomena, method of
quantitative and qualitative comparisons, tabular method of calculating the degree of influence.
The scientific novelty of the results is to study the processes of formation and
implementation of trade and economic policies of countries under the influence of exogenous
factors on them. The influence of exogenous factors is characterized not only according to the
sectoral classification (economic, geopolitical, technological, social and natural), but also taking
into account the degree of influence of the factor (global challenges and global risks) on the
environment.
It is substantiated that in the conditions of globalization of the world economy, the threats
receive a corresponding more serious nature. Therefore, government agencies need to develop new
effective tools for their minimization in order to prevent negative effects and to implement more
productive trade and economic cooperation with partner countries.
Key words: trade and economic cooperation, international trade, global challenges, global
risks, protectionist trade policy.
JEL Classification: F4, F6
Formula: 0; pic.: 4; table: 6; bibl.: 10.435Місцезнаходження публікації
18 Березня 2020 р.THE IMPACT OF GLOBAL RISKS ON THE WORLD TRADE AND ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT(428.2 KB) Завантажив: Тип публікації: Періодичні видання Дисципліна: Посилання: /ua/University_en/subdivisions/editional/vidannya&act=p_id(9094)Abstract. It is noted that the unprecedented dynamic globalization of trade and economic
relations and the fourth industrial revolution cardinally transform the global distribution system of
the world economy, accompanied by the growing impact of global challenges and risks, the failure
to take into account the effects of which permanently reduces the efficiency of economic
functioning and international trade. For developing countries affected by geopolitical challenges,
the development of partnerships with countries that are recognized as global leaders in the world
economy is essential in terms of national interests and the promotion of state sovereignty.
The purpose of this paper is to characterize the impact of global risks on the formation and
implementation of trade and economic policies of countries based on the methodological
approaches of leading international economic institutions and organizations. Major global risks
have identified rising / falling prices for assets, oil or gas, changes in the structure of trade and
economic cooperation, terrorism, separatism, climate change, unemployment, income inequality,
proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, cyberattacks, etc.
The following methods of scientific research were used to achieve the goal and to solve the
tasks of the article: systematic structural analysis of economic processes and phenomena, method of
quantitative and qualitative comparisons, tabular method of calculating the degree of influence.
The scientific novelty of the results is to study the processes of formation and
implementation of trade and economic policies of countries under the influence of exogenous
factors on them. The influence of exogenous factors is characterized not only according to the
sectoral classification (economic, geopolitical, technological, social and natural), but also taking
into account the degree of influence of the factor (global challenges and global risks) on the
environment.
It is substantiated that in the conditions of globalization of the world economy, the threats
receive a corresponding more serious nature. Therefore, government agencies need to develop new
effective tools for their minimization in order to prevent negative effects and to implement more
productive trade and economic cooperation with partner countries.
Key words: trade and economic cooperation, international trade, global challenges, global
risks, protectionist trade policy.
JEL Classification: F4, F6
Formula: 0; pic.: 4; table: 6; bibl.: 10.Місцезнаходження публікації
18 Березня 2020 р.Realization of the potential of the Ukraine–EU free trade area in agriculture(864.6 KB) Завантажив: Тип публікації: Періодичні видання Дисципліна: Посилання: /ua/University_en/subdivisions/editional/vidannya&act=p_id(9085)Abstract. The Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA) Agreement between Ukraine and the EU has led to the following question: What new opportunities are unveiled for the agricultural sector? The aim of this article is to determine the promising trends in Ukrainian agriculture’s export potential considering the potential adverse effects from highly competitive markets. The authors’ gravity model is based on the research of the Ukraine–EU free trade area operating conditions. The paper provides a forecast on the volumes of trade flows of agricultural food products between the participants of the Agreement and determines advantages and disadvantages of trade and overall economic relationship liberalization. Finally, the ways to improve bilateral relations for Ukraine are proposed.
Keywords: free trade area, Ukraine, agricultural sector, export-oriented production.
JEL Classification: Q17, F15Місцезнаходження публікації
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