01 Січня 1970 р.Post-communist financial and economic development: cluster analysis of selected countries(1,2 MB) Завантажив: Токар Володимир Володимирович Тип публікації: Інші матеріали Посилання: /ua/Information_for/students/metod/kuml&act=p_id(7514)<p>
Abstract Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to disclose and explain disparities of social and economic development of twenty-eight postcommunist countries based on the World Bank&rsquo;s macroeconomic indicators of the selected countries in 2000-2014. The paper questions whether post-communist countries are homogeneous within certain groupings and essentially different across different groupings. The differences are defined in accordance with World Development Indicators. Methods. We have applied cluster analysis to classify post-communist countries based on the long-term average of macroeconomic indicators including: GDP per capita, GDP per capita growth, Foreign direct investment net inflows (percentage of GDP), Agriculture value added (percentage of GDP), Industry value added (percentage of GDP), Total natural resources rents (percentage of GDP), and Value added (percentage of GDP), etc. The Kruskal-Wallis rank test procedure has been used to verify differences between clusters of evidence. Results. Taking into consideration the results obtained via Ward&rsquo;s method we divided post-communist countries into three relatively homogeneous clusters. Cluster 1 consisted of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan although Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan were assigned to Cluster 2 in the period of 2010-2014. Cluster 2 included Albania, Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, FYR of Macedonia, Romania, the Russian Federation, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The third cluster comprised Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Slovak Republic. The Kruskal-Wallis rank test indicates statistically significant cluster differences (0.05 level of significance) for GDP per capita, GDP per capita growth, Inflation GDP deflator, Agriculture value added, Total natural resources rents, Services etc. value added. The only exception is GDP per capita growth, which has not been significantly different in 2000-2004. The conclusions are based on p-values, which have been compared with values appropriate to the level of significance ( = 0.05). Conclusions Although all countries in our research were post-communist countries, their economic trajectory after communism was far from being identical. We have found fairly consistent evidence that post-communist countries differ with respect to their social and economic dynamics and can be grouped into three relatively homogeneous clusters. Keywords: Cluster Analysis; Post-communist Countries; Macroeconomic Indicators; Economic Development; Social and Economic Discrepancies JEL Classification: C53; E63; F15; F43; F47 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.V161-03</p>Місцезнаходження публікації
01 Січня 1970 р.THE EUROPEAN UNION TNCs’ INVESTMENT STRATEGIES OF INNOVATION DEVELOPMENT(1,2 MB) Завантажив: Токар Володимир Володимирович Тип публікації: Інші матеріали Посилання: /ua/Information_for/students/metod/kuml&act=p_id(7513)<div>
Abstract. Purpose: Integrating institutional and technological innovations into manufacturing process poses a challenge to Ukraine</div>
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considering apparent flaws of its industrial enterprises&rsquo; ineffective as well as out-of-date investment strategies. The European Union</div>
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TNCs&rsquo; high innovative performance as a result of their up-to-date investment strategies is a vivid instance of successful innovation</div>
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and investment development management. As there is growing evidence of the European integration prospects of Ukraine, the</div>
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European Union TNCs&rsquo; analysis may shine a light on the questions surrounding selection of the best suited investment strategies</div>
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for Ukrainian industrial enterprises. Methods: We examine the interplay between innovation development and investment strategies</div>
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of the EU TNCs, integrating methods of abstraction, deduction and induction, as well as statistical technique. Results: Taking into</div>
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account the essence of investment strategies, we suggest that their basic objectives are: improvement in quality of goods; price</div>
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reduction with no changes in other strategies; cost saving based on new technology, industrial engineering modes, labor and gen-</div>
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eral management enhancement; capacity expansion (step-up in sales) with no changes in other strategies; market development.</div>
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The aggregate R&amp;D financing of the top 1 000 European Union TNCs has increased from 112.9 billion euros to 152.9 billion euros.</div>
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So, the total growth has amounted to 40.044 billion euros, in other words, it has grown by 35.5 percent. The average annual level</div>
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of aggregate R&amp;D financing during this period accounted for 130.5 billion euros. In line with aggregate indicators, the R&amp;D financ-</div>
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ing per TNC has shown the similar dynamics. The aggregate financing of enterprise innovation and investment activity in Ukraine</div>
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in hryvnias reached the peak of 14.334 billion hryvnias (1.293 billion euros) in 2011, but this figure distorts the fact of the actual R&amp;D</div>
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decline. The highest level of the aggregate financing of enterprise innovation and investment activity in Ukraine was reached in 2007,</div>
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and the record high equaled 20.739 billion hryvnias (1.870 billion euros) in 2011 hryvnias. Conclusion: A global investment strate-</div>
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gy of a TNC is a system of long-term measures of specific and sectoral capital investment optimization, developed by management</div>
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and agreed with shareholders, which involves equal distribution of investment between the North American, European and Asian</div>
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segments of the world market in order to ensure the global competitiveness of a TNC. A TNC investment cycle is as a determined</div>
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period from an investment idea initiation to investment product implementation resulting in an economic, social, ecological devel-</div>
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opment level of a new quality or modernization of technology and management system. Relevance of the TNC&rsquo;s investment strat-</div>
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egy development is determined by such basic conditions: future shift in its life cycle stages, which have their own level of innova-</div>
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tion and investment activity; change in goals of a TNC operational activity, which is connected with new commercial opportunities</div>
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resulting in investment activity growth. An investment cycle of the European Union TNCs is made up of six basic stages: initiation,</div>
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formation, growth, maturity, decline, new quality shift. The European Union TNCs are one of the main driving forces of globaliza-</div>
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tion, integration and internationalization in the modern world.</div>
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Keywords: transnational corporation (TNC); European Union; innovation development; investment strategy; economic integration.</div>Місцезнаходження публікації
01 Січня 1970 р.Gendered perceptions of professional development in academia: evidence from a Ukrainian university(454,8 KB) Завантажив: Курченко Ліна Миколаївна Тип публікації: Інші матеріали Посилання: /ua/Information_for/students/metod/kuml&act=p_id(9427)<p>
<span style="color: rgb(50, 50, 50); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The aim of the article is to study the impact of gender on the professional development of university teachers and their motivation for professional advancement. The article analyzes gendered perceptions of the professional development in the Ukrainian academic sector based on the survey of teachers from Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman (KNEU) (Ukraine). The respondents provided their assessment of conditions that support or destroy their academic careers. The findings showed significant divergence in gendered perceptions and attitudes toward motives, conditions and results of professional development at the university. Although all staff members were unanimously confident in their professionalism, the degree of satisfaction, perception of fairness and willingness to engage in management through initiatives was significantly lower among women. Female academics expressed a greater need for mentoring, while men showed greater interest in material incentives. Impressively, 11% of women versus 0% of men believe that their gender is an obstacle to their career. The study findings require the inclusion of gender aspects in the university&rsquo;s development strategy and ensuring equal opportunities at all stages of HR management in academia.</span></p>Місцезнаходження публікації